Kayaks 101: A Comprehensive Guide to Choosing the Right Type of Kayak

Are you ready to embark on a kayaking adventure but feeling overwhelmed by the wide variety of kayak options? With so many different types of kayaks available, each offering unique features and benefits, it can be challenging to figure out which kayak to choose. Whether you're navigating serene lakes, wild rivers, or vast oceans, the right kayak is essential for an enjoyable and safe experience.

In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore the types of kayaks—from recreational and touring kayaks to fishing and inflatable kayaks—helping you match the perfect vessel to your needs and preferences. Whether you're a beginner looking for stability or an experienced paddler seeking performance and speed, we've got you covered with the ultimate kayak buying guide to help you make an informed decision for your next adventure. 

Types of Kayaks: Understanding the Basics

Before choosing the best kayak to buy, it’s essential to understand the different types of kayaks and their purposes. Each kayak is designed for specific water conditions and activities, making it crucial to match the kayak to the type of paddling you plan to do.

Sit-Inside vs. Sit-On-Top Kayaks

The first major decision in selecting a kayak is whether to go with a sit-inside or sit-on-top design. Both have their advantages, but which is best for you depends on your intended environment and comfort.

• Sit-In Kayaks: With a sit-inside kayak, your legs are enclosed within a cockpit, which keeps them dry and protected from the wind. This design is ideal for colder conditions, as the enclosed cockpit helps you stay warmer. However, if you capsize, getting out and back in can be tricky, and you may need to bail water out of the hull.

  
  

• Sit-On-Top Kayaks: These kayaks are user-friendly and easier to enter and exit. You will likely get wet while paddling a sit-on-top kayak, so it's best suited for warmer conditions or paddling in calmer waters. The sit-on-top design also makes it easier to re-enter the kayak from the water, ideal for recreational use.

1. Recreational Kayaks: Best for Beginners

Recreational kayaks are one of the most common types and are perfect for beginners or casual paddlers who enjoy calm waters, such as lakes, slow-moving rivers or sheltered coastal areas. There are dozens of styles of sit-inside recreational kayaks as well as sit-on-tops.

• Length: Typically between 9 to 12 feet long.

• Width: Wider, offering better stability.

• Weight: Moderately lightweight and easy to maneuver.

• Features: Large, open cockpits for easy entry and exit.

Pros:

• User-friendly for beginners.

• Stable and comfortable, making them great for leisurely paddling.

• Good choice for use in adaptive paddling.

Cons:

• Limited speed and tracking capabilities.

• Not suitable for rough waters or long-distance trips.

Best For: Casual paddling, short trips on flat water and beginners who prioritize stability over speed.

2. Touring Kayaks (Sea Kayaks): A Step Up for Long-Haul or Intermediate Paddlers

For those looking for more adventure or extended paddling trips, touring kayaks (also known as sea kayaks) are an excellent option. These kayaks are built for longer trips, typically in open waters like oceans or large lakes.

• Length: Usually between 12 to 18 feet long.

• Width: Narrower, which allows for better tracking and speed.

• Weight: Heavier than recreational kayaks, offering more stability in choppy waters.

• Features: Enclosed cockpits, storage compartments for gear and rudders or skegs for improved tracking.

Pros:

• Great for long-distance paddling.

• Handles well in rough waters and open seas.

• Extra storage for overnight trips.

Cons:

• More challenging for beginners to control.

• Heavier and more expensive than recreational kayaks.

Best For: Experienced paddlers, long-distance trips and open-water adventures.

3. Whitewater Kayaks: For Thrill Seekers

Designed for navigating rapids and turbulent rivers, whitewater kayaks are built for agility and speed in fast-moving water. These kayaks are shorter and more maneuverable, allowing the paddler to navigate obstacles and swift currents.

• Length: Generally between 4 to 10 feet.

• Width: Narrower and shorter for increased maneuverability.

• Weight: Lightweight to respond quickly in rapids.

• Features: Rounded hulls and high rocker (curvature) for rapid turning.

Pros:

• Excellent maneuverability in fast-moving water.

• Specifically designed for whitewater conditions.

Cons:

• Poor tracking on flat water.

• Limited storage, making them unsuitable for long trips.

Best For: Experienced paddlers seeking excitement in fast-moving rivers and whitewater rapids.

4. Fishing Kayaks: Relax and Reel In

For anglers looking for a kayak that’s optimized for fishing, fishing kayaks are equipped with specific features such as rod holders, tackle storage and extra stability. Whether you're fishing in a lake, river or open sea, these kayaks are built with the angler in mind. They are often, but not always, sit-on-top kayaks. Some have a built-in seat and others have a raised seat.

• Length: Typically between 10 to 14 feet.

• Width: Extra-wide for stability while casting.

• Weight: Heavier due to extra equipment and accessories.

• Features: Rod holders, storage for tackle, GPS mounts and live wells.

Pros:

• Stable enough to stand and fish.

• Comes with multiple accessories for anglers.

Cons:

• Heavier and bulkier than other kayaks.

• Slower paddling speed due to width and additional features.

Best For: Fishing enthusiasts looking for a stable platform to fish from, especially in calm waters.

5. Inflatable Kayaks: Portability Meets Performance

Inflatable kayaks have gained popularity in recent years due to their portability and convenience. They are perfect for those who have limited storage space or need a lightweight kayak that can be easily transported.

• Length: Varies, usually between 9 to 12 feet.

• Width: Typically wider for stability.

• Weight: Extremely lightweight and portable.

• Features: Made from durable materials, inflatable chambers for buoyancy, and easy deflation for storage.

Pros:

• Lightweight and easy to transport.

• Inexpensive compared to other types of kayaks.

Cons:

• Slower and less durable than hard-shell kayaks.

• More vulnerable to punctures, though high-quality inflatables use durable materials.

Best For: Travelers, casual paddlers, people who can’t lift heavy items or those with limited storage space.

6. Foldable Kayaks: For Those on the Go

Foldable kayaks, also called origami kayaks, are designed for portability without sacrificing performance. These kayaks can fold down into a compact size, making them easy to store and transport, yet they’re durable enough for various water conditions.

• Length: Typically between 10 to 16 feet.

• Weight: Lightweight (20 to 40 pounds), making them easy to carry.

• Features: Made from durable materials like polypropylene, they fold and unfold for easy setup and storage.

Pros:

• Extremely portable and easy to store.

• No need for roof racks or extra transport equipment.

• Durable for a range of water environments.

Cons:

• Requires time for assembly.

• Pricier than some recreational options.

• Limited storage space for gear.

Best For: Urban paddlers, travelers, people who can’t lift heavy items and those with limited storage who want a versatile, portable kayak option.

Kayak Buying Guide: What’s the Right Kayak for Me?

Now that you're familiar with the types of kayaks, the next step is figuring out the best kayak to buy for your specific needs. The answer to the question, "What's the right kayak for me?" depends on several factors, from your skill level to the type of water you’ll be paddling in. Let’s break down the main considerations when choosing your kayak.

1. Purpose and Environment

The first question you should ask is, "What kind of kayaking will I be doing?" Each kayak is designed for different environments, so knowing where you’ll be paddling is crucial.

• Calm lakes and rivers: A recreational or sit-on-top kayak is a good choice for relaxed paddling.

• Open oceans or rough waters: Touring or sea kayaks are designed for long distances and rough conditions.

• Whitewater rapids: You’ll need a specialized whitewater kayak that can handle fast, choppy waters.

• Fishing: Fishing kayaks are equipped with all the tools you need for a great day of angling. It may be sit-inside or sit-on-top kayak.

2. Kayak Length and Width

The length and width of your kayak impact its speed, stability and maneuverability. (Read More: Mastering Kayak Stability: How to Minimize Tippiness and Stay Balance.)

• Longer kayaks (12+ feet): These are faster and track straighter, making them ideal for touring and sea kayaking. However, they may be more challenging to transport and store.

• Shorter kayaks (under 12 feet): These are easier to turn and maneuver, making them perfect for whitewater kayaking or recreational use.

• Wider kayaks: More stable but slower, which is great for beginners or those prioritizing stability (e.g., fishing).

• Narrower kayaks: Less stable but faster and better for experienced paddlers.

3. Material and Durability

Kayaks are made from various materials, and the material you choose affects weight, durability, and price.

• Plastic (Polyethylene): The most common and affordable option, but heavier and less durable over time, especially when exposed to the sun.

• Fiberglass: Lighter and faster than plastic kayaks but more expensive and prone to damage from impact.

• Composite materials (Kevlar or Carbon Fiber): Extremely lightweight and durable but come at a premium price.

4. Storage and Transportation

How will you transport your kayak? If you have limited space or need something easy to transport, an inflatable or folding kayak might be your best option.

• Storage Space: Consider how much gear you’ll need to carry. Touring kayaks offer more storage, while whitewater kayaks offer minimal space.

• Portability: Inflatable kayaks are the easiest to transport, but if you have the ability to store and transport a hard-shell kayak, it might offer better performance.

5. Skill Level

Your experience level is another critical factor. Beginners should opt for kayaks that are stable and easy to maneuver, such as recreational or sit-on-top kayaks. As you gain experience, you can explore more specialized options like touring or whitewater kayaks.

6. Budget

Kayaks vary in price based on features, materials and brand. It may be tempting to get that super affordable plastic kayak at a big box store, but you may find yourself disappointed in the tracking or overall comfort after a few outings. Once you’ve identified the type of kayak you want, you can scour your local Facebook Marketplace, Next Door or Craigslist for a good deal. 

Who Uses What Type of Kayak?

Our Versa Paddle System being used with a recreational kayak.

According to the Outdoor Foundation, approximately 18.9 million Americans participated in kayaking in 2022, with recreational kayaks being the most popular type for beginners. Data from from another kayaking survey reveals that about 39% of kayakers use recreational kayaks,

making them the most popular choice, particularly for beginners and those seeking leisurely trips on calm waters. Touring kayaks account for 28% of users, especially among those interested in long-distance exploration. Whitewater kayaks attract about 12% of kayakers, while the remainder use niche options like sit-on-top kayaks and sea kayaks.

Choose Your Next Kayak with Confidence

In conclusion, choosing the best kayak to buy ultimately depends on your specific needs, skill level, and where you plan to paddle. Understanding the different types of kayaks—from recreational and touring models to whitewater, fishing, inflatable, and foldable kayaks—helps ensure you pick the right one for your adventure. Whether you're a beginner seeking stability or an experienced paddler looking for performance, there’s a kayak designed for every purpose. Use this kayak buying guide to answer the question, "What's the right kayak for me?" and embark on your next water adventure with confidence!

Angle Oar is dedicated to helping people with limited strength or mobility experience the joy of kayaking for the first time, and to support experienced paddlers in continuing to participate in the sport. We offer a range of adaptive equipment, including Versa Paddle, Gamut Paddle Holder, outriggers and more, specifically designed for individuals with physical disabilities, shoulder injuries, or reduced upper body strength due to age, injury or other conditions.